• 国际学校ACT考试标点有哪些需要注意的?
    • 国际学校
    • 2020-03-04 15:44:53

  • 摘要:  国际学校的学生们知不知道,标点符号是ACT英语考试中是必考的考点,而每个标点符号都有它的归属性,有不少小伙伴对标点的认知

    •   国际学校的学生们知不知道,标点符号是ACT英语考试中是必考的考点,而每个标点符号都有它的归属性,有不少小伙伴对标点的认知比较模糊,具体表现为一句话里面逗号随便逗,感觉一口气说不完了,那么就来一个逗号等。下面小编就给大家来说说ACT考试中标点符号的一些用法。

        逗号,comma

        逗号是所有标点中考察次数最多的。一般用于:

        1.用于分隔由一个并列连词所连接的两个独立完整句。

        例:He wanted to be a salesman, but no jobs were available.

        注意:该原则只适用于前后是两个独立完整句,且中间的并列连词首字母无需大写。若前后两个是名词,名词短语,动词,动词短语的并列,那就不适用了,例:Alex and I discussed this problem.

        其他用法:

        1.用于分隔一系列事物(三者或者三者以上)。例:She rose,showered, and had breakfast.

        2.用于分隔修饰同一个名词的并列形容词。(PS:判定是否为并列形容词的方法就是随意颠倒它们的顺序或者在中间插入and,该句仍有意义。)

        例:Himalayan cats have long, silky, heavy fur.(该句中三个形容词任意变化位置,对句子意思没有任何影响,所以需要中间加逗号隔开)

        我们再来看一个例子:They all admired the tall, powerful footballplayer. 该句中形容词有三个:tall, powerful, football.但任意换位置马上会发现其意思不同了,所以football不是并列形容词,该句中powerful和football之间没有用逗号隔开。

        3. 用于分隔非限制性短语和状语从句。比如分词(participialphrase),介词短语(prepositional phrase),状语从句(adverbial clause)

        例:Consisting of only 5 basketball players,the team won the match finally.(分隔分词)

        In the end, we lost this competition.(分隔介词短语)

        When I first started this job, I encountered many difficulties.(分隔状语从句)

        其他用法:

        用于分隔同位语部分。例:this novel,a mystery about a secret island off the Washington coast, was an instant bestseller.(红色字体部分是this novel的同位语)

        用于分隔直接说话对象。例:Hello, Bill, couldyou help me?

        用于取代省略部分。例:The Capitol Bank islocated in a shopping mall; the Investors Bank, in the heart of town.

        综上所述,即为ACT语法考试中逗号的考点。另外还需要提醒大家几点:

        在以下情况中,一般不使用逗号。

        1.句子的主语或谓语后在没有插入语或同位语等句子成分的情况下,通常不能直接加逗号。

        2.并列连词(and, but,for, or, yet)和从属连词(although, because, when, since, and so on, so)后通常不能直接加逗号。

        3.限制性定语从句与被修饰的先行词关系密切,连成一体,通常不用逗号隔开。

        4.引出同类人或物的介词后不能直接加逗号。

        5.前置定语或介词短语和副词充当的后置定语通常不能用逗号把其和所修饰的词隔开。

        分号,semicolon

        中文里面分号相对逗号和句号来说使用概率比较低,但是在ACT语法考试中但凡刷过几套真题的童鞋们都会发现,几乎一套卷子里面分号在每个篇章里面都会出现。大部分出现在选项里面(与其他知识点相结合来考察),还有一些出现在文章段落中(虽然没有直接出题,但和句子理解紧密相关),可想而知掌握这个知识点有多重要。

        总体来说分号(semicolon)是介于句号(colon)和逗号(comma)之间的一种标点符号。从程度上来看,分号比句号弱,但比逗号强。

        1.分号用于分隔两个没有并列连词连接的独立完整句,且第二个独立完整句的第一个单词首字母应该小写, 除了专有名词

        例: A mature male gorilla may be six feet tall and weigh 400 pounds or more; his enormous arms can span eight feet.= A mature male gorilla may be six feet tall and weigh 400 pounds or more , and his enormous arms can span eight feet.

        2.分号用于分隔两个由过渡词(连接副词)连接的独立完整句。在分析这个知识点时,我们先要去区分好连接副词和连词的关系。连词的分类我们之前已经开帖讲解过了,连接副词呢实际上词性是个副词,它没有连接句子的能力,所以需要用上分号。

        连接副词有如下这些:accordingly,also,consequently,finally,furthermore,however,indeed,meanwhile,nevertheless,similarly,still,therefore,thus.(however是高频考点)

        例:In college, she explored and refined this fascination; however, her personal life would not sit still for her art.

        3.若两个并列句子本身已经有多个逗号,那么用分号+并列连词去分隔前后两个句子(不常考)

        例:The warranty on the car covered extensive repairs to the electrical system, front end, transmission, fuel injection, and valves; but the amount of time and inconvenience involved in returning each time to the dealer cannot be ignored.

        4.一个句子里面包含多个物体,而这些物体本身含有标点,那么这些物体之间用分号隔开(不常考)

        例:The trio was composed of a cellist named Grosz, who had been a European virtuoso for many years; a pianist who had won a major music festival in 1954,1955,and 1958; and a violinist who had studied in Budapest, Vienna, and Munich.

        冒号,Colon

        提到冒号(Colon),大家立刻秒反“解释说明”四个大字。从通俗意义上来说的确没错,学术上表述为: the colon is a signal that something is tofollow: a rephrased statement, a list or series, or a formal quotation. ACT中常出现的是后两者(举例和引用)。

        例:

        1. A popover has four common ingredients:flour,milk,salt,and butter.(举例)

        2. After fiveminutes of silence, the actor uttered those famous words:“To be or notto be; that is a the question.”(引用)

        在冒号使用的过程中还需要规避以下误区:

        误区1:冒号前面不是一个独立完整句。例:Tasks thatI must complete today:mow the lawn, read two chapters of history, and tidy my room. 该例子中Tasks thatI must complete today是一个名词短语(tasks是名词,后面定语从句去修饰它),所以前面不是一个完整句,只是一个名词,该例子也不是一个句子结构。

        误区2:一个冒号错误地分割了句子的重点。例:In updatingmy computer, I added: a hard disk, a laser printer, and a fine-resolutionmonitor. 该例子中冒号错误地分割了动词和它的直接宾语。应改为:In updating my computer, I added some new components: a hard disk, alaser printer, and a fine-resolution monitor.

        误区3:一个句子中有多个冒号存在。例:The successof the action depended on three variables:that theweather would hold out, that the supplies would arrive on time, and that theenemy would be short on three things: planes,ammunition, and food.

        应改为:The success of the action depended on three variables:thatthe weather would hold out, that the supplies would arrive on time, and thatthe enemy would be short on planes, ammunition, and food.

        连字符,Hyphen

        连字符(Hyphen)的用法:

        1.一行末尾的音节分割线

        2.连接复合形容词

        3.数字21-99的英语表达。

        其中最常出现的第二种用法,例:a well-used coat.(注:连字符连接的复合形容词后必须要有名词出现,否则不能用连字符连接。例:Her coat was well used.)

        单引号,Apostrophe

        单引号(Apostrophe)的用法:

        1.单数名词+单引号+字母s表示该单数名词的所属关系,例:Lucy’s cat.

        2.复数名词(以S结尾)直接加单引号表示所属关系,例:girls’ room。

        注:个别名词变复数时是不规则变法,比如man-men, child-children等,那么它们的所属关系表达即为men’s,children’s.

        3.缩写,例:is not –isn’t等。

        单引号在ACT语法考试中的易错点:把代词和谓语动词的缩写和物主代词混淆。比如its和it’s(it is),their和they’re(they are).

        使用规范:

        1.以S结尾的单数名词加’S或直接加撇号;

        2.以S结尾的复数名词直接加撇号;

        3.表示共有的并列名词的所有格,在最后一个名词词尾加’S;如果不是表示共有,而是分属个人,应在每个名词后加’S以示区别。

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